Identify common causes of flameout and how to recover.

• A. Loss of ignition energy, fuel supply interruption, severe transient, or hot section conditions; recover by re-establishing ignition and relight as per procedure.
• B. High ambient temperature only.
• C. Vibration alone.
• D. Water ingestion.

Answer: (A)

Flameout typically happens when the factors that keep a flame burning in the combustor are lost or pushed outside stable operating limits. The most complete set of common causes includes losing the energy source to sustain combustion (ignition energy failure), an interruption in fuel delivery (fuel supply interruption), severe transient events (fast throttle changes, pressure or airflow disturbances), or hot section conditions that disrupt flame stability. When any of these occur, the flame can go out and the engine needs a controlled relight.

To recover, you re-establish ignition and relight following the engine’s procedure. That means ensuring the ignition system is ready and functioning, confirming fuel is being delivered at the correct pressure and flow, and initiating the relight sequence as prescribed, while monitoring for proper flame stabilization and safe operation once relight is achieved. After a successful relight, you verify normal operation and check for any signs of lingering faults before returning fully to service.

Other factors like high ambient temperature, vibration, or water ingestion can influence operation in particular situations, but they are not the broad, primary causes and recovery method described here. They may contribute under certain conditions, but they don’t by themselves represent the typical set of flameout causes and the standard relight procedure.